The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past often caused the river to change course. The flood defences in Nottingham that protect 16,000 homes and those in Burton where they prevent 7,000 properties from flooding were reassessed after this flood, and were subsequently improved between 2006 and 2012.[84][88]. [112][124], By 2004, it was reported that the Trent was cleaner than it had been in the last 7080 years, and that episodic incidents of pollution had also reduced considerably since the 1970s. This was caused by fumes rising from the river. [151][184][189][190] The first person to swim the entire swimmable length of the Trent was Tom Milner, who swam 139 miles (224km) over nine days in July 2015. Pictures & slide show. The cost exceeded the authorised capital by a large margin, with the extra being borrowed, but the company continued to pay a 7 per cent dividend on the original shares and on those created to finance the new work. The medieval bridges of Burton and Nottingham survived relatively intact until the 1860s, when both were replaced and demolished. [18][19] Researchers using aerial photographs and historical maps have identified many of these palaeochannel features, a well-documented example being the meander cutoff at Sawley. [33][85], Flooding on the Trent can also be caused by the effects of storm surges independently of fluvial flows, a series of which occurred during October and November 1954, resulting in the worse tidal flooding experienced along the lower reaches. [182], Along with other major rivers in the Midlands, the Trent is widely used for recreational activities, both on the water and along its riverbanks. The UK's third longest river, the Trent, touches the lives of more than six million people. [91] Eventually in 1805, they reached an agreement with Henshall & Co., the leading canal carriers, for the closure of the river above Wilden Ferry. [29]:29[35], The less populous rural areas are offset by a number of large urbanised areas including the conurbations of Stoke-on-Trent, Birmingham and the surrounding Black Country in the West Midlands; and in the East Midlands the major university cities and historical county seats of Leicester, Derby and Nottingham. The Grand Union refused to improve the Soar Navigation, because the Trent Navigation Company could not guarantee 135,000 tons of additional traffic. An extra set of gates were added to Cromwell lock in 1935, effectively creating a second lock, while the Lenton to Trent Lock section was leased from the LNER in 1936, and ultimately purchased in 1946. However, for practical purposes, navigation above the southern terminus of the Trent and Mersey Canal (at Shardlow) is conducted on the canal, rather than on the river itself. One effect of this pollution was that the upper and middle reaches were completely devoid of any fish life.[115]. The Trent now flows south-east past the town of Rugeley until it reaches Kings Bromley where it meets the Blithe. [118], In the 17th century Izaak Walton described the River Trent as 'One of the finest rivers in the world and the most abounding with excellent salmon and all sorts of delicate fish. In 1823 and again in 1831, the Newark Navigation Commissioners proposed improvements to the river, so that larger vessels could be accommodated, but the Trent Navigation Company were making a good profit, and did not see the need for such work. Having taken over responsibility for the waterway, the Transport Commission enlarged Newark Town lock in 1952, and the flood lock at Holme was removed to reduce the risk of flooding in Nottingham. The Dadfords, who were engineers on the Trent and Mersey Canal, estimated the cost at 20,000, but the proposal was opposed by landowners and merchants on the river, while the Navigator, published in 1788, estimated that around 500 men who were employed to bow-haul boats would have lost their jobs. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom.Its source is in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor.It flows through and drains the North Midlands.The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past often caused the river to change course. February 27, 2023 endeavor air pilot contract No Comments . It lies along the Adige River, south of Bolzano. Lichfield. [191][192], Rowing clubs have existed at Burton, Newark and Nottingham since the mid-1800s, with various regattas taking place between them, both on the river and on the rowing course at the national watersports centre. It is 50 miles (80 km) [1] long and is a tributary of the River Trent, which it joins south of Derby. The canal connects the Trent to the Potteries and on to Runcorn and the Bridgewater Canal. It flows through and drains the North Midlands. [119], From the 1960s onwards, there were gradual but steady improvements to the inadequate sewage works and sewers built during the Victorian era in the urban areas, but this was expensive, and took time to complete. [59], In terms of rainfall the Derwent receives the highest annual average rainfall, whereas the Devon, which has the lowest average rainfall is the driest catchment of those tabulated. The residents of the town wanted to increase the use of the branch nearest to them, and so an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1772 to authorise the work. [77], Early bridges were vulnerable to floods, and in 1309 many bridges were washed away or damaged by severe winter floods, including Hethbeth Bridge. An Act of Parliament was obtained in 1794, and the existing proprietors subscribed the whole of the authorised capital of 13,000 (equivalent to 1,590,000 in 2021),[93] themselves. It is then joined by other small streams to form the Head of Trent, which flows south, to the only reservoir along its course at Knypersley. Failure to raise much of the capital resulted in another Act being obtained in 1887, with similar aims and similar results. [59][66], The Trent has marked variations in discharge, with long term average monthly flows at Colwick fluctuating from 45m3/s (1,600cuft/s) in July during the summer, and increasing to 151m3/s (5,300cuft/s) in January. [83] In Newark the water was deep enough to allow four grammar school boys to row across the countryside to Kelham. [72], Warp was also used as a commercial product, after being collected from the river banks at low tide, it was transported along the Chesterfield Canal to Walkeringham where it was dried out and refined to be eventually sold as a silver polish for cutlery manufacturers. Newark Navigation Commissioners were created, with powers to borrow money to fund the construction of two locks, and to charge tolls for boats using them. In places, however the mudstones do form river cliffs, most notably at Gunthorpe and Stoke Lock near Radcliffe on Trent, the village being named after the distinctive red coloured strata. The Aegir occurs when a high spring tide meets the downstream flow of the river. Write by: . It combines riverside and towpath sections, with other paths to villages and places of interest in the wider valley. After this confluence, the river turns north-east and is joined by the Soar before reaching the outskirts of Nottingham, where it is joined by the Erewash near the Attenborough nature reserve and enters Nottinghamshire. Historic flood levels have also been recorded at Girton and on the churchyard wall at Collingham. [36][37], Downstream of Armitage the solid geology is primarily Mercia Mudstones, the course of the river following the arc of these mudstones as they pass through the Midlands all the way to the Humber. [95], During the early 1930s, the company considered enlarging the navigation above Nottingham, in conjunction with improvements to the River Soar Navigation, between Trent Lock and Leicester. [154], By the 1970s the Trent was regarded as 'one of the most productive rivers in the British Isles'. [37][39], The low range of hills, which have been formed into a steep set of cliffs overlooking the Trent between Scunthorpe and Alkborough are also made up of mudstones, but are of the younger Rhaetic Penarth Group. The river originates from Staffordshire, west Midlands of England, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. [51][52][53], Like other large lowland British rivers, the Trent is vulnerable to long periods of rainfall caused by sluggish low pressure weather systems repeatedly crossing the basin from the Atlantic, especially during the autumn and winter when evaporation is at its lowest. [112] The collapse of the fishery was due to the rapid population increase of the towns that developed following the Industrial Revolution. [132][135] One of the most important of these is Attenborough Nature Reserve, a 226-hectare (560-acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) which is visited by wildfowl such as Eurasian wigeon and common teal. In 1974, these works were transferred to the regional water authorities, with the Severn Trent Water Authority taking over the role for the Trent catchment. The river channel links the remaining, but fragmented wetland areas and nature reserves, providing a refuge for native and migrant species. River levels dropped when the floodbank at Morton breached, resulting in the flooding of some 78sqmi (200km2; 50,000 acres) of farmland in the Trent valley. Domestic effluent and polluting discharges from the metal working industries in the upper reaches, combined to affect the whole length of the tributary River Tame. Downstream of Dunham the river passes Church Laneham and reaches Torksey, where it meets the Foss Dyke navigation which connects the Trent to Lincoln and the River Witham. [40] Once worked out, the remaining gravel pits which are usually flooded by the relatively high water table have been reused for a wide variety of purposes. [16] An abandoned channel at Repton is described on an old map as 'Old Trent Water', records show that this was once the main navigable route, with the river having switched to a more northerly course in the 18th century. For the Trent this proportion is lower, but with nearly half of low flows being made up of these effluent inflows, it is still significant. It also incorporates the iconic Howden, Derwent and Ladybower Reservoirs. The current state of knowledge and proposals for future research", "Cavendish Bridge Conservation Area Appraisal and Study", "Coal-Fired Power Plants in East England & the Midlands", "Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in the Midlands", "Burton-upon-Trent: Social and cultural activities", "Tom Milner swims 139 miles in nine days", "Tom Milner completes River Trent Challenge", "National Water Sports Centre About Us", "Report on the investigation of Nottingham Princess striking Trent Bridge Nottingham", "Water Framework Directive Surface Water Classification Status and Objectives 2012 csv file", Photographs along the Trent in Nottingham from Nottingham21, Predictive Modelling of Multi-Period Geoarchaeological Resources at a River Confluence. At Besthorpe near Newark, breeding pairs of little egrets and grey herons have been observed. With a course of 143 miles . The north part from the south, on my so either sides, [81], The principal flood of the 19th century and the second largest recorded, was in October 1875. During lower flows the Trent and its tributaries are heavily influenced by effluent returns from sewage works, especially the Tame where summer flows can be made up of 90% effluent. The River Tamar is situated in south west England and forms a natural border between the counties of Devon and Cornwall. [41][42], This staircase of flat topped terraces was created as a result of successive periods of deposition and subsequent down cutting by the river, a product of the meltwater and glacially eroded material produced from ice sheets at the end of glacial periods through the Pleistocene epoch between 450,000 and 12,000 years BP. key towns of river bann. Much of the river's route, with the exception of the city of Derby, is rural. Despite a Chancery injunction against them, the two men continued with their action. The flood bank was subsequently strengthened and repaired, following further floods during 1824 and 1852. The most recent occurrence involved the Celtic Endeavour being aground near Gunness for ten days, finally being lifted off by a high tide.[102][103][104]. [29], Land use is predominantly rural, with some three-quarters of the Trent catchment given over to agriculture. Burton upon Trent, town and urban area (from 2011 built-up area), East Staffordshire borough, administrative county of Staffordshire, west-central England. Throughout history, the river has been a main route for trade and travel. [94], The aim of the improvements was to increase the minimum depth from 2 feet (0.6m) to 3 feet (0.9m). Some traces of the former division remain: the Trent marks the boundary between the provinces of two English Kings of Arms, Norroy and Clarenceux. As they were a source of income, they were recorded in the Domesday Book at a number of locations including Weston on Trent and Fiskerton, both of which were still in operation in the middle of the 20th century. [11], Downstream of Nottingham it passes Radcliffe on Trent, Stoke Bardolph and Burton Joyce before reaching Gunthorpe with its bridge, lock and weir. [48][50] Its source is in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. [17] Farther downstream at Hemington, archaeologists have found the remains of a medieval bridge across another abandoned channel. [67][68] These fording points only allowed passage across the river when water levels were low; when the river was in flood a long detour could be required. As water quality improved from the 1960s onwards, fish numbers recovered, and recreational coarse fishing became more popular. Built as an abbey church, it has a Norman nucleus as well as touches Tip by Amy Bookmark Take Me There OSM 2 Shrewsbury Abbey [54][57], At the other extreme, extended periods of low rainfall can also cause problems. Brian/CC BY-SA 2.0. The Travellers' Dictionary of Quotations: Who Said What, About Where? Tolls decreased from 11,344 (equivalent to 1,060,000 in 2021),[93] during 1839 to 3,111 (equivalent to 310,000 in 2021),[93] in 1855. [9] A traditional but almost certainly wrong opinion is that of Izaak Walton, who states in The Compleat Angler (1653) that the Trent is " so called from thirty kind of fishes that are found in it, or for that it receiveth thirty lesser rivers. And cuts me from the best of all my land I'll have the current in this place damm'd up; For example, Birmingham lies at the upper end of the Tame, and Leicester is located towards the head of the Soar. This ranges from moorland grazing of sheep in the upland areas, through to improved pasture and mixed farms in the middle reaches, where dairy farming is important. Later improvements such as the series of purification lakes that were constructed on the Tame in the 1980s, which allowed contaminated sediment to settle out from the river, also reduced pollution levels, and lessened the impact of first flush runoff events in the lower Tame and the middle Trent. 109. The River Trent was a major working river until after the Second World War. konstantin guericke net worth; xaverian brothers high school nfl players; how is the correct gene added to the cells; hong kong supermarket flyer calgary; ben fogle: new lives in the wild do they get paid; It flows through and drains most of the metropolitan central and northern Midlands south and east of its source north of Stoke-on-Trent. These levels extend across the Trent valley, and include the lower reaches of the Eau, Torne and Idle. The last act of the directors was to pay a 7.5 per cent dividend on the shares in 1950. The Trent and Tame River Valleys Futurescape includes rivers, farmland and wetlands,. Other changes, such as the replacement of town gas with natural gas, saw the end of the polluting and toxic coal tar emissions to rivers in 1963. A huge half-moon, a monstrous cantle out. This proposal formed the basis for an Act of Parliament obtained in 1783, which also allowed a horse towing path to be built. The River Great Ouse meanders through some of the prettiest towns and villages in Cambridgeshire. Burton upon Trent. There are also baseflow contributions from the major aquifers in the catchment. [89], The Trent and Mersey Canal was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1766, and construction from Shardlow to Preston Brook, where it joined the Bridgewater Canal, was completed by 1777. Facts about the River Trent 5: the native and migrant species. Water level management is important in these lowland areas, and the local watercourses are usually maintained by internal drainage boards and their successors, with improved drainage being assisted by the use of pumping stations to lift water into embanked carrier rivers, which subsequently discharge into the Trent. The majority of these urban areas are in the upper reaches of either the Trent itself, as is the case with Stoke, or its tributaries. Although not quite as large as 1795 this flood devastated many places along the river, at Burton upon Trent much of the town was inundated, with flooded streets and houses, and dead animals floating past in the flood. [27] At the end of the Wolstonian Stage (c. 130,000 years ago) a mass of stagnant ice left in the Vale of Belvoir caused the river to divert north along the old Lincoln river, through the Lincoln gap, along what is now the course of the Witham. [202], Organised trips on cruise boats have long been a feature of the Trent, at one time steam launches took passengers from Trent Bridge to Colwick Park, similar trips run today but in reverse, starting from Colwick and passing through Nottingham they use boats known as the Trent Princess and Trent Lady. Hayne subsequently scuppered a barge in King's Lock, and for the next eight years goods had to be transhipped around it. The river crosses a band of Triassic Sherwood sandstone at Sandon, and it meets the same sandstone again as it flows beside Cannock Chase, between Great Haywood and Armitage, there is also another outcrop between Weston-on-Trent and King's Mill. [90], Between Trent Falls and Keadby, coastal vessels that have navigated through the Humber still deliver cargoes to the wharves of Grove Port, Neap House, Keadby, Gunness and Flixborough. On reaching West Bridgford it flows beneath Trent Bridge near the cricket ground of the same name, and beside The City Ground, home of Nottingham Forest, until it reaches Holme Sluices. [193][194][195], Both whitewater and flat water canoeing is possible on the Trent, with published guides and touring routes being listed for the river. [174][175] As no archive sources record that the Hemington bridge existed, there may have been other medieval bridge projects now forgotten. [59], The River Soar which drains the majority of the county of Leicestershire, could also be considered as the second largest tributary, as it has a larger catchment area than the Dove or Derwent, but its discharge is significantly less than the Derwent, and lower than the Dove. He also took out an injunction against the council to prevent the ongoing contamination causing a "most foul and offensive stench", the river not even being suitable to water grazing cattle on the estate. [58], The river's flow is measured at several points along its course, at a number of gauging stations. Navigation was then extended to Wilden Ferry, near to the more recent Cavendish Bridge, as a result of the efforts of the Fosbrooke family of Shardlow. The river flows in a southerly direction for fifty miles before reaching it's estuary on the Hamoaze, situated on Plymouth Sound in the English Channel. [134], Additional nature conservation areas were created beside the river in the 20th century, when a number of disused gravel pits, were rehabilitated as nature reserves. The total length is 80 miles (129 km). The river now flows north-east below the Toot and Trent Hills before reaching Hazelford Ferry, Fiskerton and Farndon. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Trent&oldid=1132366164, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 14:59. [44], During the end of the last Devensian glacial period the formation of Lake Humber in the lowest reaches of the river, meant that substantial lake bed clays and silts were laid down to create the flat landscape of the Humberhead Levels. At its southern end is a ruined Tudor manor house known as Torksey Castle, and beyond that, Torksey Lock marks the point where the Trent meets the Foss Dyke Canal. [162] One of the earliest known fords was the crossing at Littleborough, constructed by the Romans it was paved with flagstones, and supported by substantial timber pilings. [33][86] In December 2013, the largest storm surge since the 1950s occurred on the Trent, when a high spring tide combined with strong winds and a low pressure weather system, produced elevated tidal river levels in the lower reaches. In 1683 the same bridge was partially destroyed by a flood that also meant the loss of the bridge at Newark. It rises in the county of Staffordshire and, after flowing southeastward, northeastward, and then northward for 168 miles (270 km), enters the Humber estuary 40 miles (65 km) from the North Sea. [196][197][198][199][200][201], Established in 1886 the Trent valley sailing club is one of two clubs that use the river for dingy sailing, regattas, and events. River Bann, Irish An Bhanna, river, the largest in Northern Ireland, falling into two distinct parts. It is situated mainly on the west bank of the River Trent and on the Grand Trunk (Trent and Mersey) Canal. Its source is in Staffordshire on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. Later, in 1699, the baron William Paget (Lord Paget), who owned coal mines and land in the area, obtained an Act of Parliament to extend navigation up to Fleetstones Bridge, Burton, despite opposition from the people of Nottingham. [120][121], In 1970, Mr Jennings again raised the issue of pollution through Burton, the River Tame continuing to be a source of the problem, and further improvements were promised. Unusually for an English river, the channel altered significantly during historic times, and has been described as being similar to the Mississippi in this respect, especially in its middle reaches, where there are numerous old meanders and cut-off loops. (Until the late 18th century, a long period of stagnation for economic and technical reasons limited the number of bridges over the Trent; it has been noted that relatively few bridges were constructed in England on new sites anywhere between around 12501300 and 1750. From Syresham in central England, the Great Ouse flows into East Anglia before entering the Wash, a bay of the North Sea. The river then continues south through the market town of Stone, and after passing the village of Salt, it reaches Great Haywood, where it is spanned by the 16th-century Essex Bridge near Shugborough Hall. [114], This was a particular problem in Stoke-on-Trent and the growing towns of the Potteries. [13][14][15] At West Stockwith the Trent is joined by the Chesterfield Canal and the River Idle and soon after enters Lincolnshire fully, passing to the west of Scunthorpe. Last Thursday, its senior eight were out rowing when [11], The now tidal river meanders across a wide floodplain, at the edge of which are located riverside villages such as Carlton and Sutton on Trent, Besthorpe and Girton. [8] According to Koch at the University of Wales,[9] the name Trent derives from the Romano-British Trisantona, a Romano-British reflex of the combined elements *tri-sent(o)-on-- (through-path-augmentative-feminine-) great thoroughfare. [122] The responsibility for sewage treatment works still belonged primarily to local authorities, which often meant an uncoordinated approach and a proliferation of small works. Some 20,000 acres (81km2; 31sqmi) were flooded for a period of over three weeks.[23][81][82]. [26] This took place in 1593 so would have been a contemporary topic in the Shakespearean period. [95], With traffic still between 350,000 and 400,000 tonnes per year, Frank Rayner became the engineer in 1896, and the company were persuaded that major work was necessary if the navigation was to survive. Quality improved from the river Trent and on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor ] [ 50 ] source. Grey herons have been observed six million people the growing towns of the prettiest towns and villages in.! And Idle south-east what are the key towns of the river trent the town of Rugeley until it reaches Kings Bromley it. ( 129 km ) the past often caused the river channel links the remaining but! 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