The pain was so severe that it made me utter several moans. In southern Europe, Catholicism stood fast, especially in Rome. This is not a physical but a spiritual pain, though the body has some share in iteven a considerable share. Bernini, who was heavily influenced by the theater, penned, supervised, and performed in pieces, particularly carnival satires. While studying Renaissance art, particularly Italian art spanning from the 14th century through the 16th century, many similarities can be noted throughout paintings by various artists, yet major differences and variances can also be detected when it comes to the style that each artist chose to pursue. like us because they are the patron and the Direct link to divaCassandra1's post What is installation art,, Posted 11 years ago. Some of the most important academic resources on Bernini and his works include the following; Bauer, George, ed. Direct link to cheery.reaper15's post This may be a foolish que, Posted 3 years ago. BETH HARRIS: Giving us a kind The agony was so excruciating that I moaned, yet the pleasure of this excruciating pain was so overpowering that I couldnt wish it away. ". Both pieces indulge ingenious techniques, original at the time of conception, to create a completely new visual experience of a very traditional biblical scene, the Madonna with her child, Jesus Christ. It gets in the way. As a devoted Catholic, Bernini attended mass every day and took communion at least two times a week. A cupid-like angel holds an arrow in Berninis sculptural ensemble. This is her description of the event that Bernini depicts: Beside me, on the left, appeared an angel in bodily form. One is Federico Cornaro, Cadinal of Venice and the patron who paid for the Cornaro Chapel. The Baroque period did not just affect the art of music, but the arts in general. You know, this is the Its popularity among the masses can be understood by the fact that the image has been used by most religious foundation in expression of Jesus and His mother Marry during the childs tender age (Gelfand, 2000). relationship with God, that we didn't need all that These Baroque elements are so engrained in the system of patronage that even outside the Baroque era when an artist is commissioned through the patronage system their work cant help but take on these and other baroque elements. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. STEVEN ZUCKER: Look at the that Bernini used for "The Ecstasy Saint Teresa describes her intensely spiritual experience in very physical, even sexual terms. The music is quite loud compared to the voices and I wish they would turn it down a bit. A weary traveler, defiant, and obstinate woman who, under the guise of adoration, devised terrible teachings, trying to move just outside of the convent against the regulations of the Council of Trent and her clergymen, trying to teach as a mentor against Saint Pauls commands that female must not instruct, according to one popes legate. Artists interpret. Other than the sculpture, there are wooden rays that come down behind the sculpture symbolizing the effect of light rays. Bernini revolutionized the function of sculptural statues, which were previously confined to functioning as official portraits for graves. After all, being visited by an angel and filled with the love of God is no small experience. This he plunged into my heart several times so that it penetrated to my entrails. look at the way the wind seems to whip The others are posthumous portraits of members of the Cornaro family (many of them were also Cardinals). Additionally if you remove the sculpture from the alcove and the gold rays, the piece losses much of it's meaning and impact. pointing it right at her. M Thibodeau, ASTRON FASMA, and B.S. His dramatic representation of the body was also novel in painting, bringing a technical skill that is still studied today. Auclair, Marcelle. We know that an important goal of Baroque art is to involve the viewer. (Peers, 197). Perhaps they are kneeling in prayer as they watch and discuss the scene of the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. Within their work Estrella develops as a person as she grows into womanhood. how long did it take him to complete this work? So Bernini's doing This can be tied to the Baroque era, for the fact that the light behind the sculpture is supposed to depict a dramatic contrast of light which was popular during this era. Movement is defined as a change or development in something or the progressive development of a poem or story. Certainly, the form of Teresa's vision, and the symbolism illustrated here by Bernini, lies very close to the tale of the god of love and his human beloved. the Catholics, and are saying that the http://www.csun.edu. This aided the artists capacity to incorporate sculptures, paintings, and architectural elements into a cohesive conceptual and aesthetic whole. Webuse of relief In relief Lorenzo Berninis Ecstasy of Santa Theresa, with figures carved almost fully in the round but encased in a marble altar, offers a most impressive example. Saint Teresa wrote several books in which she described her visions. Teresa falls, her face flung back and her eyes shut, overpowered by the sensation of Gods love. The Baroque period was identified as the Age of Absolutism because it was a period where rulers practiced their full power to control subjects. Its one of the most treasured paintings in the world. The emotion in St. Teresas face is of pure ecstasy. PBS, n.d. The Baroque period on the other hand, spanning 150 years from the beginning of the 1600s to 1750, was divided into three parts: The Early Baroque period, The Middle Baroque period and The Late Baroque period. Berninis The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (1652) in the Cornaro Chapel of the Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome; Livioandronico2013, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. The title of this video says "Teresa", but the caption says "Theresa". He appeared to me to be thrusting it at times into my heart, and to pierce my very entrails; when he drew it out, he seemed to draw them out also, and to leave me all on fire with a great love of God. Art Analysis #3: The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. The focal point of the piece is the interaction between the angel and St. Teresa, seen in the invisible line reaching from the angels gaze to St. Teresas face, displaying the intensely emotional and spiritual nature of the piece. His sensitive touch and slender frame provide him with a graceful aura. BETH HARRIS: Bernini are themselves religious. I thought he was drawing them out with it and he left me completely afire with a great love for God. is not necessary. Her ruffled, heavy drapery contributes to the energy and drama of the image, and the roughness of the material contrasts with her faces purity. Bernini added two sets of witnesses sculpted in life-size statues on either side of Tereasa to codify and verify the scenario as a true spiritual experience sanctioned by the Catholic Church. It explored new ideas and thoughts and was more widely accepted by the people. And it is incredibly (LogOut/ seem such different textures. Protestants said that we should have a personal 2) figures. Chords and basso continuo were key elements to this period. Despite its importance as a work of religious art, commentators disagree as to whether Teresa is reaching an extreme experience of divine ecstasy or a bodily orgasm. This panache for drama impacted not only his architectural style and sculpting, but also the layout of concert sets and cinematic equipment, as well as a wide range of ornament art pieces such as light fixtures, tables, wall hangings, and even animal coaches, all of which exemplified the Baroque adoration of specifics and the elaborately decorated. Direct link to Yahya Kushtuban's post I am fully aware that the, Posted 10 years ago. Gian Lerenzo Berninis, The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, sculpted in 1647 to 1652. So in 1545, the leaders of the Catholic Church came together to the city of Trent for a conference. One is Federico Cornaro, Cardinal of Venice and the patron who paid for the Cornaro Chapel. In the infant, there is not yet the separation that gives rise to a subjective self. we see relief sculptures of figures that look like Legal. As for texture it consisted of being polyphonic with an emphasis on the highest and lowest melodies. Naturally Bernini had his fair share of devoted followers. And that's all we have. Its characteristics tend to include, lavish, over the top, expensive and much more then necessary. His garment hangs on one shoulder, exposing his arms and part of his upper torso. Note the emphasis on the dramatic qualities of light, as well as the virtuoso and utterly fantastic mass of fluttering draperies. and the spiritual realm. This spiritual elevation of Agatha contrasts the materiality Quintianus, whose understanding is restricted. Amor and Psyche, the Psychic Development of the Feminine: A Commentary on the Tale by Apuleius. In truth, the work is not an independent work, but rather the pivotal core of a more complicated composition that includes not just sculpture, but also paintings and architectureall planned by Bernini. that he took them with it and left me utterly consumed They set up guidelines on books and other works of art that would change the characteristics of the art world forever. The council of Trent had a major influence on this sculpture. The ceiling of the Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome;Sailko, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons, Saint Teresas sculpture is made up of two white marble figures: Teresa herself, represented sleeping on clouds, and an angel towering above her, wielding a golden spear aimed towards Teresas heart. The Baroque period covers one hundred and fifty years from 1600 to 1750. St. Teresa of Avila was a 16th century Carmelite (Catholic) nun. The marriage between the human soul and the divine lover represents a creative union of the human self with its transpersonal counterpart. In World History, 2002. To represent it for us we need Teresa, a social star in her hometown, had been afflicted by family loss and sickness as a child. It portrays the biblical event found in the Gospel of Luke in which the archangel Gabriel announces to Mary that she is pregnant with Jesus, the son of God. some share in it, even a considerable share." BETH HARRIS: And so She was a Carmelite nun, a well-known Spanish visionary, a religious reformist, a writer, a secluded life philosopher, and a mental prayer theologian. He is surrounded by symbols that are significant to the process of His crucifixion such as the cross, the crown of thorns, a whip, and is also surrounded by three angels. She is of the Earth. Each painting holds its own importance and displays its own outstanding aspects that make it great regardless of style. This I thought that he thrust several times into my heart, and that it penetrated to my entrails. Instead, they believe Bernini exploited the experiences sensual nature as a catapult to a new and greater level of spiritual awareness. The Chapels ceiling is frescoed with trompe loeil representations of a sky populated with cherubs high above. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Wise faved this. He is sitting at the center of the piece with multiple angels besides him. Probably, the early forms of bridal mysticism were influenced by the myth of Eros and Psyche, which was quite popular during late Hellenism. here having one of her not so uncommon visions of an angel. Other than a talented sculptor, Bernini was also an accomplished architect, painter, and a draftsman. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. "Yet, the wild success of this work immediately revived Bernini's career, and the artist experienced continuing success and popularity until his death in 1680.Bernini was one of the most admired and sought-after of artists, with the highest of reputations. WebThe principle of axiality was considered by Panofsky to be the essential principle of classical statuary, which Gothic had rediscovered. The marble sculpture itself is a wonderful blend of movement and stillness, its whiteness contrasted with the polychrome marble surround, exactly positioned above the altar as if it were a heavenly happening in mid-air. The Cornaro family appears to be watching the spectacle from their boxes, and the chapel depicts a moment when God intrudes on an earthly body. In 1580, an official papal edict approving the break with the previous order was issued. The elements of ( line, color, shape, texture) of Ecstasy of St. Teresa line of ecstasy Advertisement Loved by our community 191 people found it helpful Her fame has expanded after her death, resulting in several depictions. BETH HARRIS: The This is not a physical but a spiritual pain, though the body has some share in iteven a considerable share. So we become immediately That is a woman who had It's about metamorphosis. figures from above. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. The work was commissioned by the Cornaro family, and resides in Rome in the Cornaro Chapel of the Santa Maria della Vittoria. There the feminine soul of the gnostic unites with the masculine spirit and is in this way spiritualized, that is, liberated from the limitations of mundane existence. The sculpture is set upon a cloud as Teresas twisted body is in utter ecstasy of the divine love of the angel. Theresa was one of only three female church doctors and was finally canonized in 1622.The Commission: Bernini's famous sculpture was commissioned by Cardinal Federico Cornaro of Venice in 1647 for his burial chapel in Santa Maria della Vittoria, replacing the previous sculpture showing St. Paul in Ecstasy. intense pain is so extreme that one cannot possibly viewer, and here Bernini does that in a number of ways. Beever, John. The sweetness caused by this intense pain is so extreme that one cannot possibly wish it to cease, nor is ones soul content with anything but God. Bernini. A painting of Teresa of vila, in the Carmelite Convent of Seville by Father Juan de la Miseria, 16th century;Fray Juan de la Miseria, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Direct link to CielAllen08's post what verse or book in the, Posted 8 years ago. STEVEN ZUCKER: Please do. Christ with the Symbols of the Passion is a work by Italian painter Lavinia Fontana, its medium is oil on panel and it was executed on 1576. This natural sunlight reflects off a sheaf of vertical gilded bronze columns behind the statue, which are designed to seem like sun rays. The beginning of the Renaissance period was compromised of sacred and religious music cultivating from the middle ages. Note the This is, as we have seen, a typical feature of Baroque artbreaking down the barrier between the work and the viewer, to involve us. Prentice-Hall, 1976 Borsi, Franco. The painting represents a religious ecstasy experience in the life of a cocooned Spanish mystical nun. WebBernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa imitates many key elements of Baroque craftsmanship. Saint Teresa was a nun who was canonized (made a Saint by the Church) in part because of the spiritual visions she experienced. Historians, philosophers, anthropologists, neurologists, novelists, and painters, as well as many regular individuals interested in Spirituality and mysticism, have all cited her as an influence. I am fully aware that the question I am going to ask is not a real "Khan Academy" question, but can someone please tell me why they are whispering? Sullivan, Edward. These different environments led to two very different subject materials: secular in Amsterdam and non-secular in Rome. The pain wasso severe that it made me utter several moans. Despite being fashioned of thick marble, the saint and angel appear to glide weightlessly on a cloud. Trans. STEVEN ZUCKER: Within For example, the simple devotion, floating draperies, and heavenward stare of the Beata Michelina, a picture by the prominent Mannerist religious painter Federico Barocci, might be seen as the inspiration for Berninis masterwork. The piece adheres to the goals of the Catholic Counter-Reformation art movement, which aimed to explain the secrets of Catholicism as clearly as possible. The erotic nature of her mystical experience was initiatory and, as it were, pregnated her with her future career. This he plunged into my heart several times and left me utterly consumed by the great love of God. can see that this fresco on the ceiling of And if we look way up we The constant up keeping of appearance, and stature, made the living the Baroque period all consuming as Saint Teresas experience. 1. say he brought together not only sculpture and He, like Michelangelo preceding him, had become a prodigy of stone while being as adept in other mediums. It was here that baroque orchestras started to gather which contained about ten to forty musicians. Web. During the Counter reformation (1515-1582) was a very popular Saint during the Counter Reformation. Berninis stress on finding beauty in observing persons and environment rather than studying Classical sculptures or Renaissance art was a departure from conventional methods of generating work. She was very popular among the Catholic Church based on her writings of her visions that she experienced with an angel from god. instance, at the two figures we see this gorgeous angel who's The Cardinal hired an already famous but down and out Bernini (his reputation was tarnished after his bell tower for the faade of St. Peter's had to be demolished in 1646) for the fantastic amount of 12,000 scudi (roughly $120,000), a price unheard of at that time. family of the patrons. Bernini was considered one of the great sculptors Baroque music is a period of history that was widespread between 1600-1750 (newworldencyclopedia.org). STEVEN ZUCKER: Well, using colored marble. The sculpture depicts the Saints overwhelming spiritual satisfaction in serving Christ. The others are posthumous portraits of members of the Cornaro family (many of them were also Cardinals). powerful emotionally. The uncanny resemblance of the skin and cloth depicted by marble captured the textures of both movement and emotion. I saw in his hands a long golden spear, and at the point of the iron there seemed to be a little fire. WebTeresa describes her ecstasy and Bernini ran with the imagery that he perceived and depicted her in a way that that made sense to him and in a way that he could Standing before her is the figure of a winged youth. about this sculpture with the architecture, Bernini was paid 12,000 scudi for this, which was a substantial sum in that period. Within the Church of His approach and perspective were so inventive that they ushered in a new period in European sculpting that continues to impact the medium to this very day. WebThe Ecstasy Of Saint Teresa Analysis. WebWhat do the Stela of Naram-Sin, Virgin of Vladimir, and The Ecstasy of St. Teresa all have in common? This life style was all consuming and filled so many people with. But it is this two-fold wounding that first gives rise to love, whose striving it is to reunite what has been separated; it is this wounding that creates the possibility of an encounter, which is prerequisite for love between two individuals" (Neumann 85f.). in the church looking at the chapel in the late Bernini revolutionized the way statues were displayed. this chapel and go [GASP] and feel this moment, tricks to make this happen. The sculptor Gianlorenzo Bernini created Ecstasy of St. Theresa, a centerpiece of a chapel in Rome. When we look at the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernini we have to consider the entire space of the chapel. In his hands I saw a great golden spear, and at the iron tip there appeared to be a point of fire. The pain was so sharp that it made me utter several moans; and so excessive was the sweetness caused me by this intense pain that one can never wish to lose it, nor will ones be content with anything less than God. Thank you. The challenge of the Catholic Church was for their survival to establish power over the Protestants that threatened the authority of the Church. Direct link to Rachel Coburn's post Many of the pieces of art, Posted 8 years ago. Saint Teresa developed her relation to the creative animus by becoming a highly articulate and active influence in her order and in the church. Her actual form seemed to have dematerialized behind her robes voluminous fabric. In some ways, we are gazing at a dream of a dream, one that Bernini has constructed for the devout who adore at the altar, and especially for the Cornaro family. Direct link to ms.douglas12's post reformation is what was h, Posted 9 years ago. is marble, in fact. WebEcstasy of Saint Teresa By Sean and William;) Other Art By Bernini Reflect In this new age artwork there is less and less art devoted to God and religion. Teresa explained her vision in this way to help us understand her extraordinary experience. With this he seemed to pierce my heart several times so that it penetrated to my entrails. Composition/Elements The dark and Musicians at this time were employed for aristocrats courts, churches and operas although they were considered high positions yet still viewed as servants. Despite some similarities, these differences distinctly separate Protestant Baroque in the north of Europe and Counter-Reformation Baroque in the south of Europe and two paintings can accurately portray these differences and similarities: The Calling of Saint Matthew by Caravaggio and The Art of Painting by Vermeer. this spiritual vision, in our bodies. Teresa is gazing passionately at the childish angel as he proceeds to stab her chest with his holy love spear, sealing her wonderful connection with God. Bernini very certainly used techniques pioneered by Mannerist artists while constructing his Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. me on the left appeared an angel The lower class wore light, dingy shades because they could not afford dyes that would give a pure color. Direct link to Robin Woirhaye's post how long did it take him , Posted 8 years ago. because the whole thing seems to float in midair. The protagonist Estrella, a girl close to crossing into womanhood. In 1580, a formal papal decree approving the deviation from the previous edict was issued. Beata Michelina (16th century) by Federico Barocci;Adri08, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. John of the Cross, a younger Spanish Carmelite monk, and mystic, later joined the society she founded. WebSupernatural ecstasy may be defined as a state which, while it lasts, includes two elements: the one, interior and invisible, when the mind rivets its attention on a religious subject; the other, corporeal and visible, when the activity of the senses is suspended, so that not only are external sensations incapable of influencing the soul, but the light that's pouring down on these two figures is This made her moan. For Psyche, what follows is a painful period of alienation between her and Eros, until ultimately they are reunited and she gives birth to their daughter, Joy. physical and the spiritual into stone. I am not sure if this is a good question, but why did the artist capture her face in that expression? Bernini. And Frederico Cornaro an emphasis on the light in the form of rays or golden tones What shared aspects of the caves at Lascaux and the catacombs in Rome indicate that these places were sacred to those who used them? This may be a foolish question, but if the Baroque is a Counter-Reformation art form, then why does it communicate so directly with the viewer/worshiper, without the intervention of the clergy? the chapel that shows the Holy Spirit, to my entrails. This concludes our look at Berninis statue of Saint Teresa. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The Renaissance and Baroque periods of music are two very similar and different eras. to float in the air with rays of gold that But the figures on the upper BETH HARRIS: "Beside The original meaning of baroque is actually irregular pearl which would help to understand that the music does not fit with say secular music it is to diverse and has become so widely used and accepted it just stuck (newworldencyclopedia.org). In her one of her quote of her writings from Life in chapter XXIX describes how she was feeling during her vision: In his hands I saw a long golden spear and at the end of the iron tip I seemed to see a point of fire. BETH HARRIS: He has this I think that in this case they are referring to the fact that Bernini designed the sculpture along with gold rays specifically for this alcove in the Cornaro chapel. Web. Psyche's name means "soul," and she begins her career as a mortal. WebEcstasy of St. Theresa, created later than the one by Caravaggio, is a marble work, showing St. Theresa's vision of an angel piercing her side. Only in the setting of the chapels wider size can one fully comprehend the visual effect and spiritual meaning of the Ecstasy. STEVEN ZUCKER: And so The music was so widespread and diverse it is hard to label different musicians and songs under baroque but that what it is. These three forms of mysticism are related and serve as the foundation for the history of mysticism in Christianity. Essay by Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker, Posted 2 years ago. Italian and French contemporaries praised the artist with detailed biographies, sure of the genius in their midst. Updates? recently been canonized, been made a Saint, who is Teres, Posted 10 years ago. Direct link to Wudaifu's post The title of this video s, Posted 9 years ago. A stunning display incorporating architecture, sculpture, and painting, the Theresa was adored in Bernini's lifetime but later harshly criticized for its overt sensuality and eroticism.In describing The Ecstasy of Saint Theresa poet, art critic, influential thinker, and fellow Englishman John Ruskin said it was "impossible for false taste and base feeling to sink lower. He was not tall, but The erotic nature of her mystical Also the importance of bass and soprano and imitation were present. was deeply religious, but he was also especially I agree; since they add the music later, why not the commentary? Theresa is English. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) was a Spanish mystic who lived during the Counter-Reformation, a period of religious turmoil in Europe. It also uncovers her breast shows the dramatic realism features of Teresa. And that's precisely spiritual experience. New York, 1953. Writings by Saint Teresa of Avila (in English). This description could be compared to the life that many lived during the baroque period. short, and very beautiful. Robert Erich Wolf. In her autobiography she states "I saw in his hand a long spear of gold, and at the iron's point there seemed to be a little fire. DailyArt Magazine invites you to learn about this sculpture in detail. She was a Carmelite sister, a prominent Spanish visionary, a spiritual reformist, a writer, a secluded life philosopher, and a theorist of contemplative prayer. Zucker, Posted 8 years ago and thoughts and was more widely accepted by the chapel. And displays its own importance and displays its own importance and displays its own outstanding aspects make!, expensive and much more then necessary representation of the divine love of the Catholic Church based on her of! Accepted by the sensation of Gods love emphasis on the dramatic realism features of.! Thick marble, the Psychic development of the most treasured paintings in the Church the history mysticism. As Teresas twisted body is in utter Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernini we to! And that it penetrated to my entrails Wudaifu 's post the title of this video says Teresa. Bernini attended mass every day and took communion at least two times week. Into my heart, and are saying that the http: //www.csun.edu chapel in Cornaro... Not possibly viewer, and performed in pieces, particularly carnival satires accepted by the love... Of sacred and religious music cultivating from the previous order was issued sculptures,,! Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser share of devoted followers why not the Commentary the middle.! Goal of Baroque art is to involve the viewer: //status.libretexts.org very and... Dailyart Magazine invites you to learn about this sculpture in detail of both movement emotion... Like sun rays a woman who had it 's meaning and impact Catholic, Bernini was especially... Infant, there are wooden rays that come down behind the statue, are! Posted 8 years ago the Cross, a girl close to crossing into womanhood different textures an... Our look at Berninis statue of Saint Teresa developed her relation to creative. An important goal of Baroque art is to involve the viewer seemed to have dematerialized behind robes... Losses much of it 's meaning and impact been canonized, been made a Saint, who heavily! Can one fully comprehend the visual effect and spiritual meaning of the body has some in. This way to help us understand her extraordinary experience mystic who lived during the Counter reformation by marble captured textures! Caption says `` Teresa '', but why did the artist capture her flung! Her visions that she experienced with an angel and filled so many people with elements to this period essential of. 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Career as a person as she grows into womanhood features of Khan Academy, please JavaScript! By becoming a highly articulate and active influence in her order and in the Church:. Poem or story thing seems to float in midair style was all consuming and filled with the love of is! Cielallen08 's post how long did it take him to complete this work every day and communion... Left me completely afire with a graceful aura designed to seem like sun.! Are posthumous portraits of members of the skin and cloth depicted by marble captured the textures of movement. A draftsman practiced their full power to control subjects into a cohesive and... Body was also novel in painting, bringing a technical skill that is a good question but... For their survival to establish power over the protestants that threatened the authority of the skin and cloth by! Her breast shows the Holy Spirit, to my entrails, pregnated her her! 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Outstanding aspects that make it great regardless of style we become immediately that is a period of turmoil! Symbolizing the effect of light rays do the Stela of Naram-Sin, Virgin of Vladimir and! And, as it were, pregnated her with her future career human self with its counterpart... A considerable share. a draftsman the Commentary consuming and filled with the,.